Java IO
Java IO (Input and Output) is a set of classes and methods in the Java standard library that allows you to perform input and output operations. These operations can include reading from and writing to files, streams, consoles, and other input/output sources. Java IO provides a flexible and powerful way to interact with various data sources and destinations.
Java IO can be divided into two main categories:
Byte Stream IO:
InputStream and OutputStream: These classes deal with binary data, such as reading and writing bytes. Examples include reading from and writing to files, network sockets, or byte arrays.
FileInputStream and FileOutputStream: These classes are used for reading and writing files in binary mode.
BufferedInputStream and BufferedOutputStream: These classes provide buffered input/output, which can improve performance by reducing the number of system calls.
DataInputStream and DataOutputStream: These classes allow you to read and write primitive data types (e.g., int, double) in a machine-independent way.
Character Stream IO:
Reader and Writer: These classes deal with character-based data, such as reading and writing text. They are used for character encoding and decoding.
FileReader and FileWriter: These classes are used for reading and writing files in character mode.
BufferedReader and BufferedWriter: These classes provide buffered character-based input/output for improved performance.
InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter: These classes bridge the gap between byte streams and character streams by allowing you to specify a character encoding.
Java IO also includes classes for working with other types of streams, such as ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream for object serialization, and classes for working with files and directories, such as File and FileReader.
Here’s a simple example of reading a text file using Java IO:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReadFileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.txt"))) {
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
In this example, we use a BufferedReader to read lines from a text file named “example.txt.”
Java IO is a fundamental part of Java programming and is essential for handling various input and output scenarios, making it a crucial skill for Java developers.
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