In Java, exceptions are used to handle error conditions or exceptional situations that might occur
during the execution of a program. These exceptions can be categorized into two types: "Checked
Exceptions" and "Unchecked Exceptions" (also known as "RuntimeExceptions").

The unique aspect of Checked Exceptions is that they must be either caught or declared in the
method signature using the "throws" keyword. This feature aims to ensure that developers explicitly
handle exceptional conditions that could arise from certain methods or functions.

Here’s a brief explanation of Checked Exceptions:

Checked Exceptions:
These exceptions extend the java.lang.Exception class but not the java.lang.RuntimeException class.
Methods that may throw checked exceptions must declare them using the throws keyword in their
method signature.
Developers are required to handle (catch) these exceptions or propagate them up the call stack
using the throws clause in the method definition.
Example of a method that throws a checked exception:

java
Copy code
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileProcessor {
public static void readFile(String filename) throws IOException {
// This method reads data from a file and throws a checked exception.
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));
// Reading file contents here…
reader.close();
}
}
Example of handling a checked exception:

java case

java
Copy code
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "example.txt";

try {
FileProcessor.readFile(filename); // Call the method that may throw a checked exception
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Error occurred while reading the file: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
In the above example, the FileProcessor.readFile method declares that it might throw an
IOException. In the Main class, when we call this method inside a try block, we catch the checked
exception using the catch block and handle the error gracefully.

The concept of Checked Exceptions in Java can be powerful as it encourages developers to be
explicit about handling potential exceptional scenarios, leading to more robust and reliable code.